# 第一册 Lesson 83 Going on holiday 度假

## 一、课文原文

PEGGY: Hello, John. Come in.
TOM: Hello, John. We're having lunch. Do you want to have lunch with us?
JOHN: No thank you, Tom. I've already had lunch. I had lunch at half past twelve.
PEGGY: Have a cup of coffee then.
JOHN: I've just had a cup, thank you. I had one after my lunch.
TOM: Let's go into the living-room, Peggy. We can have our coffee there.
PEGGY: Excuse the mess, John. This room's very untidy. We're packing our suitcases. We're going to leave tomorrow. Tom and I are going to have a holiday.
JOHN: Aren't you lucky!
TOM: When are you going to have a holiday, John?
JOHN: I don't know. I've already had my holiday this year.
PEGGY: Where did you go?
JOHN: I stayed at home!

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| holiday | /ˈhɒlədeɪ/ | n. | 假日，假期 | have a holiday 度假；on holiday 在度假 |
| mess | /mes/ | n. | 杂乱，混乱 | Excuse the mess. 请原谅乱七八糟。in a mess 乱糟糟 |
| pack | /pæk/ | v. | 打包，装箱 | pack one's suitcases 打包行李 |
| suitcase | /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ | n. | 手提箱 | pack suitcases 打包手提箱 |
| untidy | /ʌnˈtaɪdi/ | adj. | 不整洁的 | tidy 整洁的；un- 前缀表否定 |
| lucky | /ˈlʌki/ | adj. | 幸运的 | Aren't you lucky! 你真幸运！ |
| already | /ɔːlˈredi/ | adv. | 已经 | I've already had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。 |
| leave | /liːv/ | v. | 离开 | leave for 动身去；leave tomorrow 明天走 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）

本课首次引入现在完成时。

**构成**：have/has + 过去分词

| 句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 | I've already had lunch. |
| 否定句 | 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 | I haven't had lunch yet. |
| 疑问句 | Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? | Have you had lunch? |

**现在完成时 vs 一般过去时**：

| 时态 | 用法 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 现在完成时 | 强调对现在的影响 | I've already had lunch.（现在不饿） |
| 一般过去时 | 仅陈述过去事实 | I had lunch at half past twelve.（说明时间） |

### already 和 just

| 副词 | 含义 | 位置 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|------|
| already | 已经 | have/has 与过去分词之间 | I've already had lunch. |
| just | 刚刚 | have/has 与过去分词之间 | I've just had a cup. |

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **I've already had lunch.** — 现在完成时 + already，强调已做
2. **I've just had a cup.** — 现在完成时 + just，强调刚做
3. **Excuse the mess.** — 请原谅……的杂乱（礼貌用语）
4. **Aren't you lucky!** — 否定疑问句表感叹，"你真幸运！"
5. **We're going to leave tomorrow.** — be going to 表将来计划
6. **I stayed at home!** — 幽默结尾，假期在家度过

## 五、课文翻译

佩吉：你好，约翰。请进。
汤姆：你好，约翰。我们正在吃午饭。你想和我们一起吃午饭吗？
约翰：不了，谢谢，汤姆。我已经吃过午饭了。我12点半吃的。
佩吉：那喝杯咖啡吧。
约翰：我刚喝过一杯，谢谢。我饭后喝的。
汤姆：我们去客厅吧，佩吉。我们可以在那里喝咖啡。
佩吉：请原谅屋里很乱，约翰。这个房间很不整洁。我们正在收拾行李箱。我们明天就要走了。我和汤姆要去度假。
约翰：你们真幸运！
汤姆：你什么时候去度假，约翰？
约翰：我不知道。我今年的假期已经度过了。
佩吉：你去了哪里？
约翰：我待在家里！

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **现在完成时的核心意义**：连接过去和现在——动作发生在过去，但影响持续到现在
2. **already 的位置**：通常放在 have/has 和过去分词之间
3. **just vs just now**：just 用于现在完成时（I've just arrived）；just now 用于一般过去时（I arrived just now）
4. **Aren't you lucky!** — 否定疑问句表感叹，语气比肯定句更强
5. **幽默手法**：John 说"已经度过了假期"，问去哪里——"待在家里"，出人意料

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 掌握现在完成时的基本构成和用法
2. 区分现在完成时与一般过去时
3. 熟练使用 already 和 just
4. 练习否定疑问句表感叹

## 八、本课小结

- 核心场景：朋友来访，讨论度假计划
- 核心语法：现在完成时（首次出现）
- 关键句型：I've already..., I've just..., Aren't you lucky!
- 表达技巧：Excuse the mess 礼貌用语；幽默结尾