# 第一册 Lesson 67 The weekend 周末

## 一、课文原文

MRS. JOHNSON: Hullo, Mrs. Williams. Were you at the butcher's?

MRS. WILLIAMS: Yes, I was. Were you at the butcher's too?

MRS. JOHNSON: No, I wasn't. I was at the greengrocer's. How's Jimmy today?

MRS. WILLIAMS: He's very well, thank you.

MRS. JOHNSON: Was he absent from school last week?

MRS. WILLIAMS: Yes, he was. He was absent on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday.

MRS. JOHNSON: How are you all keeping?

MRS. WILLIAMS: Very well, thank you. We're going to spend three days in the country. We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.

MRS. JOHNSON: Friday, Saturday and Sunday in the country! Aren't you lucky!

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| greengrocer | /ˈɡriːnˌɡrəʊsə/ | n. | 蔬菜水果商 | at the greengrocer's 在果蔬店 |
| absent | /ˈæbsənt/ | adj. | 缺席的 | be absent from 缺席…… |
| Monday | /ˈmʌndeɪ/ | n. | 星期一 | 星期的首字母大写 |
| Tuesday | /ˈtjuːzdeɪ/ | n. | 星期二 | |
| Wednesday | /ˈwenzdeɪ/ | n. | 星期三 | 注意发音 |
| Thursday | /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/ | n. | 星期四 | |
| keep | /kiːp/ | v. | 保持（健康） | How are you keeping? 你身体好吗？ |
| spend | /spend/ | v. | 度过；花费 | spend three days 度过三天 |
| country | /ˈkʌntri/ | n. | 乡村；国家 | in the country 在乡下 |
| lucky | /ˈlʌki/ | adj. | 幸运的 | Aren't you lucky! 你真幸运！ |

## 三、语法知识点

### 一般过去时（be动词）

本课引入一般过去时，重点学习 be 动词的过去式。

| 现在式 | 过去式 | 例句 |
|--------|--------|------|
| am | was | I was at home. |
| is | was | He was absent. |
| are | were | Were you at the butcher's? |

### 一般过去时（be动词）句型

| 句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + was/were + ... | I was at the greengrocer's. |
| 否定句 | 主语 + was/were + not + ... | I wasn't at the butcher's. |
| 疑问句 | Was/Were + 主语 + ...? | Were you at the butcher's? |
| 肯定回答 | Yes, 主语 + was/were. | Yes, I was. |
| 否定回答 | No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. | No, I wasn't. |

### 时间标志词

| 时间词 | 时态 | 例句 |
|--------|------|------|
| every day | 一般现在时 | He is absent every day. |
| last week | 一般过去时 | He was absent last week. |
| on Monday | 一般过去时 | He was absent on Monday. |

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. Were you at the butcher's? 你在肉店吗？
- 一般过去时疑问句
- at the butcher's 在肉店（职业名词+'s表示店铺）

### 2. Was he absent from school last week? 上周他没上学吗？
- be absent from 缺席……
- last week 上周（过去时标志词）

### 3. How are you all keeping? 你们身体都好吗？
- = How are you all?
- keep 表示"保持健康"

### 4. Aren't you lucky! 你真幸运！
- 否定疑问句表示感叹
- = You are so lucky!

### 5. spend three days in the country 在乡下度过三天
- spend + 时间 + in/at + 地点
- in the country 在乡下

## 五、课文翻译

**约翰逊太太：** 你好，威廉斯太太。刚才您在肉店里吗？

**威廉斯太太：** 是的，我在。您也在肉店吗？

**约翰逊太太：** 不，我不在。我在蔬菜水果店。吉米今天怎么样？

**威廉斯太太：** 他很好，谢谢。

**约翰逊太太：** 上周他没上学吧？

**威廉斯太太：** 是的，他没上。他星期一、二、三、四都没去。

**约翰逊太太：** 你们身体都好吗？

**威廉斯太太：** 很好，谢谢。我们打算在乡下待三天。我们周末准备住在我母亲家。

**约翰逊太太：** 星期五、六、日在乡下！你真幸运！

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **was/were** — be 动词过去式。I/he/she/it → was；you/we/they → were。
2. **absent from** — 缺席的固定搭配。be absent from school 缺课 / be absent from work 缺勤。
3. **last week** — "上周"，标志词，动词用过去式。last Monday 上周一，last month 上个月。
4. **Aren't you lucky!** — 否定疑问句+感叹号=感叹。不是真正问问题，而是表达羡慕。
5. **at my mother's** — = at my mother's home，省略 home。
6. **星期表达** — Monday through Sunday，首字母大写，前面用介词 on。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 掌握 be 动词过去式 was/were 的用法
2. 熟练运用一般过去时的肯定、否定、疑问句
3. 掌握 last week 等过去时标志词
4. 练习 be absent from / spend...in... 等固定搭配

## 八、本课小结

- 核心语法：一般过去时（be 动词 was/were）
- 核心词汇：absent, spend, country, lucky, greengrocer
- 核心句型：Were you at...? / Was he absent from...? / Aren't you lucky!
- 时间标志：last week, on Monday/Tuesday...