# 第一册 Lesson 50 He likes... 他喜欢…… / But he doesn't like... 但他不喜欢……

## 一、课文原文

1. — Does he like butter? — Yes, he does. He likes butter, but he doesn't like jam.

2. — Does she like pears? — Yes, she does. She likes pears, but she doesn't like peaches.

3. — Do you like honey? — Yes, I do. I like honey, but I don't like jam.

4. — Does she like bananas? — Yes, she does. She likes bananas, but she doesn't like oranges.

5. — Do you like garden beans? — Yes, I do. I like garden beans, but I don't like peas.

6. — Does he like cabbage? — Yes, he does. He likes cabbage, but he doesn't like lettuce.

7. — Do you like steak? — Yes, I do. I like steak, but I don't like mince.

8. — Does she like chicken? — Yes, she does. She likes chicken, but she doesn't like lamb.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| butter | /ˈbʌtə/ | n. | 黄油 | 不可数名词 |
| jam | /dʒæm/ | n. | 果酱 | 不可数名词 |
| pear | /peə/ | n. | 梨 | 可数名词 |
| peach | /piːtʃ/ | n. | 桃子 | 复数 peaches |
| honey | /ˈhʌni/ | n. | 蜂蜜 | 不可数名词 |
| banana | /bəˈnɑːnə/ | n. | 香蕉 | 可数名词 |
| orange | /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | n. | 橙子 | 可数名词 |
| bean | /biːn/ | n. | 豆子 | garden beans 菜豆 |
| pea | /piː/ | n. | 豌豆 | 可数名词，常用复数 peas |
| cabbage | /ˈkæbɪdʒ/ | n. | 卷心菜 | 可数/不可数均可 |
| lettuce | /ˈletɪs/ | n. | 莴苣，生菜 | 不可数名词 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 一般现在时第三人称单数句型总结

| 句型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 肯定句 | He/She + 动词-s | He likes butter. |
| 否定句 | He/She + doesn't + 动词原形 | He doesn't like jam. |
| 一般疑问句 | Does + he/she + 动词原形? | Does he like butter? |
| 肯定回答 | Yes, he/she does. | Yes, he does. |
| 否定回答 | No, he/she doesn't. | No, he doesn't. |

**关键点**：
- doesn't = does not，后接动词原形
- does 是助动词，本身无意义，帮助构成疑问句和否定句
- 主语是第三人称单数时，助动词用 does

### but 连接转折句

- He likes butter, **but** he doesn't like jam.
- She likes pears, **but** she doesn't like peaches.
- but 连接两个意思相反的分句

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. Does he/she like...? 他/她喜欢……吗？
- Does he like butter? — Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
- 注意：助动词 does 后用动词原形 like

### 2. He likes..., but he doesn't like...
- 转折句型，表达"喜欢……但不喜欢……"
- 前句用动词第三人称单数形式，后句用 doesn't + 原形

### 3. 可数名词与不可数名词
| 可数名词 | 不可数名词 |
|----------|------------|
| pear, peach, banana, orange | butter, jam, honey |

## 五、课文翻译

1. — 他喜欢黄油吗？— 是的。他喜欢黄油，但不喜欢果酱。
2. — 她喜欢梨吗？— 是的。她喜欢梨，但不喜欢桃子。
3. — 你喜欢蜂蜜吗？— 是的。我喜欢蜂蜜，但不喜欢果酱。
4. — 她喜欢香蕉吗？— 是的。她喜欢香蕉，但不喜欢橙子。
5. — 你喜欢菜豆吗？— 是的。我喜欢菜豆，但不喜欢豌豆。
6. — 他喜欢卷心菜吗？— 是的。他喜欢卷心菜，但不喜欢生菜。
7. — 你喜欢牛排吗？— 是的。我喜欢牛排，但不喜欢肉末。
8. — 她喜欢鸡肉吗？— 是的。她喜欢鸡肉，但不喜欢羔羊肉。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **Does he like...?** — 第三人称单数疑问句，助动词 does 提前，动词用原形。
2. **peach 的复数** — 以 ch 结尾，加 -es：peach → peaches。
3. **garden beans** — 菜豆，区别于其他豆类。garden 作定语修饰 beans。
4. **doesn't like** — 否定句中 doesn't 后跟动词原形，不能写成 doesn't likes。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 熟练掌握第三人称单数的一般疑问句及其回答
2. 练习用 but 连接喜欢与不喜欢的食物
3. 区分可数名词与不可数名词
4. 掌握 peach 等以 ch 结尾名词的复数变化

## 八、本课小结

- 核心语法：第三人称单数疑问句 Does he/she like...? 及其回答
- 核心词汇：食物类词汇（水果、蔬菜、调料）
- 核心句型：He likes..., but he doesn't like... 转折句型
- 易错点：doesn't 后用动词原形，不能加 -s